LiNbO₃ ayifumaneki kwindalo njengeminerali yendalo. I-crystal structure ye-lithium niobate (LN) i-crystals yaqala ukuchazwa nguZachariasen kwi-1928. Ngo-1955 uLapitskii noSimanov banika iiparitha ze-lattice ze-hexagonal kunye ne-trigonal ye-crystal ye-LN nge-X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Ngowe-1958, uReisman noHoltzberg banikela i-pseudoelement kaLi₂O-Nb₂O₅ ngohlalutyo lwe-thermal, uhlalutyo lwe-X-ray ye-diffraction kunye nomlinganiselo woxinaniso.

Umzobo wesigaba ubonisa ukuba uLi₃NbO₄, LiNbO₃LiNb₃O₈ kunye noLi₂Nb₂₈O₇₁ zonke inokwakheka ukusuka kuLi₂O-Nb₂O₅. Ngenxa yokulungiswa kwekristale kunye neempawu eziphathekayo, i-LiNbO kuphela₃ ifundwe ngokubanzi kwaye yasetyenziswa. Ngokomgaqo jikelele wokubizwa kweekhemikhali, iLithiumNIobate kufuneka uLi₃NbO₄, kunye neLiNbO₃ kufuneka ibizwe ngokuba yiLithium Metaniobate. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-LiNbO₃ ngokwenene yayibizwa ngokuba yiLithium Metaniobate crystal, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iikristale LN nge ezinye izigaba ezintathu eziqinileyos khange ifundwe ngokubanzi, ngoku iLiNbO₃ yi phantse ayisabizwa Lithium Metniobate, kodwa yaziwa ngokubanzi njenge Lithium Niobate.

Ikristale ekumgangatho ophezulu weLiNbO3 (LN) iphuhliswe yi-WISOPTIC.com

I-co-melting point of liquid and solid components of LN crystal ayihambelani nomlinganiselo wayo we-stoichiometric. Iikristale ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinentloko efanayo kunye nomsila zingakhuliswa ngokulula ngendlela yokunyibilika kwekristallisation kuphela xa kusetyenziswa izinto ezinokwakheka okufanayo kwenqanaba eliqinileyo kunye nenqanaba lolwelo. Ke ngoko, iikristale ze-LN ezinepropathi ehambelanayo ye-eutectic point eqinileyo eqinileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-crystals ye-LN ngokuqhelekileyo ingachazwanga ibhekisela kulabo abanokwakheka okufanayo, kunye nomxholo we-lithium ([Li] / [Li + Nb]) malunga ne-48.6%. Ukungabikho kwenani elikhulu le-lithium ion kwi-crystal ye-LN kukhokelela kwinani elikhulu leziphene ze-lattice, ezineempembelelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: Okokuqala, ichaphazela iipropati ze-LN crystal; Okwesibini, iziphene ze-lattice zibonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sobunjineli be-doping ye-LN crystal, enokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwekristale ngolawulo lwamacandelo ekristale, i-doping kunye nokulawulwa kwe-valence yezinto ezifakwe kwi-doped, ekwasesinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuqwalaselwa Ikristale ye-LN.

Ukwahluka kwikristale ye-LN eqhelekileyo, kukho “kufuphi nekristale ye-stoichiometric LN” [Li]/[Nb] imalunga ne-1. Uninzi lweempawu zombane zale kristale kufutshane ne-stoichiometric LN zivelele ngakumbi kunezo zekristale ze-LN eziqhelekileyo, kwaye zinovakalelo ngakumbi kwiipropati ezininzi zombane ngenxa kufuphi ne-stoichiometric doping, ngoko ke baye bafundiswa ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuba ikristale ye-LN ekufutshane ne-stoichiometric ayinayo i-eutectic kunye nezinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo, kunzima ukulungiselela ikristale ekumgangatho ophezulu ngeCzochralski eqhelekileyo. indlela. Ke ngoko kusekho imisebenzi emininzi ekufuneka yenziwe ukulungiselela umgangatho ophezulu kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo kufutshane ne-stoichiometric LN crystal ukuze isetyenziswe ngokubonakalayo.